TRUMP’S IRAN TARIFF GAMBIT: A CALCULATED RISK THAT COULD RESHAPE GLOBAL TRADE
13 January 2026 Amid the chaos continuing to envelop and ravage Iran, where a large-scale protests sparked by currency collapse have been met by a brutal crackdown by authorities—with large-scale deaths and mass arrests reported—President Trump has announced immediate 25% tariffs on nations conducting business with Iran. The move introduces a new element of uncertainty into global commerce, with potentially significant ramifications for the hard-won US-China trade détente. The tariffs target major economies including China, India, Turkey, the UAE and Brazil—all substantial Iranian trading partners. China faces particular exposure, having imported approximately 90% of Iran’s oil exports through independent refineries whilst maintaining over $9 billion in documented trade. The new levy could push cumulative US tariffs on Chinese goods from the current 30.8% to approximately 56%, threatening the fragile truce established at last October’s South Korea summit that granted Washington access to critical rare earth minerals. The policy’s ambiguity—Trump provided no details on what constitutes “doing business” or how enforcement will proceed—creates immediate complications for global supply chains. India’s $1.34 billion bilateral trade with Iran, Turkey’s $5.68 billion commerce across their shared border, and Brazil’s $3 billion agricultural exports all fall within potential scope. The UAE’s role as a re-export hub for Iranian goods adds further complexity to implementation. For China specifically, the stakes extend beyond trade metrics. Beijing secured rare earth export agreements and a presidential visit to China scheduled for April as part of the détente. Trump administration adviser Peter Navarro previously cautioned against escalating Chinese tariffs further, warning “we don’t want to get to a point where we hurt ourselves.” Whether carve-outs emerge remains unclear, though the White House has yet to publish legal authority or implementation details for the Iran-related levies. As businesses navigate this evolving landscape, the incident underscores how rapidly geopolitical developments can reshape commercial calculations, requiring organisations to maintain strategic flexibility in an increasingly volatile trading environment.
Wellbeing or Work Perk? Rethinking Connection Through an ESG Lens
7th January 2026 At a time when workforce wellbeing is increasingly in the spotlight, a novel trial in Sweden has captured global attention: a major employer is experimenting with a paid “friendship hour” — a dedicated slice of the working week for staff to nurture social relationships beyond the office. Participants are given time during paid hours, plus modest financial support, to connect with friends or strengthen personal networks. Early self-reported outcomes suggest small boosts to happiness and life satisfaction. It’s a provocative idea, and one that resonates with a deeper reality: loneliness, social isolation and low workplace engagement are by no means confined to Nordic climes. Recent polling and workplace research in the UK has pointed to troubling trends in worker wellbeing and connection, with many citing stress, disengagement and a lack of meaningful interaction as part of their professional experience. As an organisation, Gapuma Group welcomes innovation in how employers think about people — especially where it aligns with our ESG commitments to mental wellbeing, inclusion and a supportive workplace culture. We champion initiatives that encourage genuine connection and mutual support, from informal coworker gatherings to structured wellbeing programmes, because strong human relationships are at the core of healthy teams. Yet it’s worth asking whether formalising friendship through corporate policy is a necessity or a symptom of broader social shifts? The pandemic, remote and hybrid working, and the blurring of work–life boundaries have reshaped how and where people interact. Does this make traditional office attendance more important, or simply impractical in an era that values flexibility? Should employers nudge people towards social connection, or trust teams to find their own balance? There are no simple answers — but one principle remains clear: belonging at work matters. At Gapuma, we will continue to explore and share practices that build authentic community, wherever our people choose to work.
Gapuma Group Strengthens Asian Presence with Singapore Branch; Makes Senior Appointment
6th Janaury 2026 We are delighted to announce that Gapuma Switzerland officially opened its Singapore branch on 2nd January 2026, marking a significant milestone in our strategic expansion across the Asian markets. The new office will serve as our regional hub for bulk chemicals and biofuels trading throughout Asia-Pacific, positioning us to better serve our clients and partners in this dynamic and growing region. Welcoming Paul Kim as Trading Director, Asia Region To lead this exciting venture, we are privileged to welcome Paul (Hyoung Jin) Kim as Trading Director, Asia Region. Paul brings over 25 years of distinguished experience in petrochemical trading, with deep expertise in aromatics, naphtha, base oils, and renewable energy commodities. A Singaporean of Korean origin, Paul’s career includes leadership roles at Trammochem Asia, where he served as Asia Regional Business Leader and PX Global Product Manager, successfully growing the regional team and expanding operations across multiple markets. Prior to this, he honed his trading acumen at Samsung Corporation and founded Questum Trading Pte Ltd, demonstrating both entrepreneurial vision and operational excellence. Paul’s extensive industry networks across Singapore, Korea, and China, combined with his strategic insight into Asian petrochemical markets, make him ideally positioned to drive Gapuma’s growth ambitions in the region. His appointment represents a significant strengthening of our trading capabilities and market intelligence in Asia. Looking Ahead This expansion reflects our commitment to serving the evolving needs of the bulk chemicals and biofuels sectors in Asia. With Paul’s leadership and our established global network, we are well-positioned to deliver value to our partners throughout the region. We look forward to introducing Paul to our wider network and to the opportunities that lie ahead as we deepen our presence in Asian markets.
Venezuela: Energy Market Stabilisation or Rules-Based Order in Crisis?
6th January 2026 The capture of Nicolas Maduro has sent shockwaves through global energy markets, though perhaps not in the way one might expect. Oil prices fell slightly in Asian trade on Tuesday, with market volatility appearing to subside following the initial shock. But beneath this surface calm lies a more complex picture for energy security and international norms. Venezuela holds the world’s largest proven oil reserves (about 303 billion barrels, or 17% of global reserves), yet sanctions and chronic underinvestment have slashed production to just 1.0-1.1 million barrels per day. The potential for U.S. oil companies to rehabilitate this capacity has sparked debate about whether this intervention serves energy market stability or something else entirely. Heavy, sour crude like the oil from Venezuela is crucial for certain products made in the refining process, including diesel, asphalt and fuels for factories and other heavy equipment. Many Gulf Coast refineries were specifically designed for Venezuelan crude, making this geographically proximate supply particularly valuable to U.S. industry. The argument for intervention, then, centres on energy security and market efficiency. Yet market reactions suggest caution. While a stable, US-aligned government in Caracas could lower the risk premium for Venezuela and its neighbours, improving capital flows, military intervention could provoke a regional backlash. Analysts broadly agree that whilst a peaceful transition might eventually increase supply and lower prices, achieving that goal will require years of work and billions of dollars of investment. Short-term instability may actually tighten supplies before any long-term benefits materialise. Here’s the uncomfortable question: can the capture and prosecution of Maduro achieve energy market stability when the precedent it sets undermines the very framework that global markets depend upon? If unilateral military action to seize resource-rich nations becomes normalised, what does that mean for contract law, sovereign immunity, and the predictability that investors require? Is this pragmatic energy policy, or are we witnessing the unravelling of the international rules-based order—one barrel of oil at a time?
Senior Gapuma Team at GTR Africa 2025, London
25th November 2025 Gapuma sent a strong delegation to GTR Africa 2025 on 20th November, joining more than 500 trade finance leaders who convened in London to examine the continent’s shifting trade and export landscape. Operations Director Stephen Harris, Business Development Manager Yanish Bhageerutty, and Operations Manager Neha Sampat attended the conference at Convene 155 Bishopsgate, engaging with specialists across six core themes shaping the future of African trade. Key Conference HighlightsDiscussions centred on Africa’s strategic response to global geopolitical realignment, the need to strengthen long-term resilience in intra-African trade, and the importance of developing local banking capacity. Delegates explored innovative working capital solutions, evolving infrastructure and supply-chain priorities, and structuring techniques for export credit transactions. With sixty-one expert speakers and representatives from 277 organisations, the event offered exceptional networking opportunities. Panels addressed Africa’s integration into global value chains, the challenges of sovereign debt, and the expanding influence of export credit agencies across the continent. Sessions on commodity trade financing, supply-chain optimisation, and digital trade frameworks — including MLETR and the adoption of the Commonwealth Model Law — were particularly relevant to Gapuma’s operational footprint. The evening networking reception concluded the programme, reinforcing relationships essential for advancing Africa’s trade finance ecosystem in a complex and rapidly evolving global environment. Gapuma’s participation reflects our commitment to remaining at the forefront of African trade, export finance, and logistics solutions.
Nvidia’s Earnings Calm AI-Bubble Jitters — But Contradictions in the AI Race Remain
21st November 2025 Nvidia’s latest quarterly results delivered a decisive message to global markets: demand for AI infrastructure is not only real but accelerating at pace. Strong data-centre revenues lifted technology indices and eased near-term concerns that the sector was tipping into bubble territory. Yet the optimism highlights a deeper contradiction within the trillion-dollar AI race. Companies are channelling unprecedented capital into compute, chips and cloud capacity, while uncertainty persists over where long-term value will ultimately be captured. Investors remain divided on who stands to benefit and whether structural bottlenecks — from supply-chain constraints and skills shortages to rising energy demand — will curb the very growth that markets are pricing in. For commodity markets, Nvidia’s performance is not merely a technology story. It underscores the physical foundations of AI. Sharp growth in demand for advanced chips is increasing pressure on raw-materials sourcing, logistics networks and energy infrastructure. Businesses treating AI as a purely digital revolution risk overlooking the material inputs that enable it. At Gapuma Group, our approach remains clear: assess AI-driven demand through a supply-chain lens, examine exposure to single-supplier chokepoints, and strengthen ethical, transparent sourcing as infrastructure investment intensifies. In short, participate in the opportunity whilst hedging the structural risks beneath it.
The Global Ethanol Rush: Energy Security Meets Agricultural Reality
19th November 2025 The global ethanol market is undergoing rapid and far-reaching expansion, driven by government mandates and a growing focus on energy security. Yet behind the headlines about renewable fuels lies a far more intricate story—one shaped by agricultural pressures, shifting trade flows and the practical constraints of supply chains. Brazil is leading innovation in maize-based ethanol, with production expected to reach 30% of total output by 2026–27, equating to 10.6 billion litres. The economics are increasingly favourable: maize ethanol costs around BRL 1.85 per litre compared with BRL 2.45 for sugarcane, while valuable byproducts strengthen margins. Still, concerns over biomass feedstock availability for steam generation are becoming more pronounced. Indonesia is preparing to implement mandatory ethanol blending by 2028, aiming for a 5% mix to displace 5% of its 22.8 million kilolitre fuel imports. At COP30, Pertamina highlighted Brazil’s success as a model for reducing dependence on fossil fuels through bioethanol. However, the challenges are significant. In India, maize farmers are calling for a “Maize Control Order” after prices fell ₹600 per quintal below the minimum support price. Ethanol-driven maize diversion has transformed India from a 3.7 MT exporter into a projected 1 MT importer, pushing prices from ₹15,000 to ₹25,000 per tonne. Livestock sectors are now urging duty-free access to GM maize to safeguard feed supplies. Indonesia faces its own hurdles, including inconsistent raw material availability, volatile pricing, and limited infrastructure for production and distribution. For a global commodities partner like Gapuma Group, the ethanol boom represents both opportunity and complexity in equal measure. The reshaping of agricultural supply chains across multiple continents is creating heightened demand for strategic procurement, logistics capability and real-time market intelligence. Long-term success will depend on a clear understanding of policy drivers, farmer economics and infrastructure readiness—factors that will ultimately determine which national programmes deliver on their ambitions.
AI and the Future of Physical Commodities Trading
12th November 2025 At Gapuma Group, after 25 years of moving chemicals, fertilisers, and essential commodities from more than 30 countries to over 50 global markets, we are seeing first-hand how artificial intelligence is reshaping the world of physical trading. AI adoption varies widely across our trade routes. In some sourcing markets, AI-driven supply chain systems, automated quality control, and demand forecasting tools are already integrated into daily operations. Elsewhere, progress is slower—often shaped by connectivity limitations, power reliability, and the uneven development of data infrastructure. The technology’s effects are most visible in logistics and price discovery. Predictive models now track port operations, route efficiency, and seasonal demand to optimise cargo flows, particularly for time-sensitive agricultural inputs. Real-time analysis of exchange data, freight markets, and global pricing trends is compressing decision-making windows. Meanwhile, advanced risk models assess everything from currency movements to regulatory changes across multiple jurisdictions simultaneously. Infrastructure remains the decisive factor. High-capacity AI systems perform best where data is structured and connectivity is strong. In other environments, effectiveness depends on agility—mobile-first tools, offline-capable platforms, and lighter models that respond to local trading conditions. At Gapuma, we integrate AI where it adds genuine value—improving logistics, forecasting, and supplier analytics—while remaining grounded in what has always underpinned our business: trusted relationships, deep market knowledge, and sound human judgement. The future of trading is not only digital; it is adaptive.
Gapuma Switzerland at the Sharp End of Global Methanol Markets
6th November 2025 Fabrice Brunet, Managing Director of Gapuma Switzerland, travelled to Singapore this week to attend the International Methanol Conference 2025 (IMC 2025), held from 4th–6th November at the Pan Pacific Singapore. The Industry’s Annual ParliamentSince 2006, this annual gathering—organised by MMSA for the IMPCA International Methanol Producers & Consumers Association—has brought together suppliers, consumers, traders, and service providers in what has become the methanol industry’s most influential forum. In a year marked by market uncertainty, pricing pressure, shifting trade flows, and geopolitical tensions, IMC 2025 convened global leaders across two intensive days. Crucially, it remains the venue for Asia’s annual contract negotiations—where meaningful business is often concluded in the margins, over coffee and corridor conversations. Why Singapore MattersThere is a reason this meeting is held in Singapore rather than Zurich or Houston. The city-state’s rise as Asia’s foremost energy and commodities hub reflects broader shifts in global economic gravity. Its regulatory sophistication, logistical strengths, and strategic geography make it the natural home for an industry increasingly shaped by Asian demand. Methanol: The Quiet DisruptorWhile public debate tends to focus on hydrogen and batteries, methanol continues to reshape markets with far less fanfare. Serving both as a vital chemical feedstock and an emerging marine fuel, it occupies a unique space—rooted in the traditional hydrocarbon economy yet integral to global decarbonisation strategies. Why Gapuma Prioritises This EventGapuma’s presence at IMC 2025 reflects strategic priorities: access to market intelligence that differentiates opportunity from risk; relationship-building with the producers, consumers, and traders who influence global flows; close monitoring of developments in renewable methanol; and an understanding of Asian dynamics that increasingly define the sector’s future. As Gapuma expands its footprint in renewable fuels and chemical feedstocks, events like IMC 2025 provide invaluable context. The insights gathered in Singapore will directly inform our trading strategies and long-term positioning in markets where being six months early can look perilously similar to being six months late. We extend our thanks to MMSA and IMPCA for another outstanding conference.
Nigeria’s Energy Transformation: Market Competition Drives Policy Shift
5th November 2025 Nigeria is signalling its willingness to sell state-owned refineries as the government seeks to stimulate competition in the downstream sector—marking a notable shift in the country’s broader energy strategy. The development follows President Tinubu’s approval of a 15% import duty on refined petroleum products, aimed at safeguarding recent multi-billion-dollar investments in domestic refining. The Dangote Refinery now reports production of more than 45 million litres of petrol and 25 million litres of diesel per day, surpassing Nigeria’s internal consumption requirements. A Strategic CrossroadsThe Nigerian National Petroleum Company’s four state-owned refineries—despite a combined capacity of 445,000 barrels per day—have processed virtually no crude for decades, even after billions were allocated for repairs. Key stakeholders, including the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria and the Petroleum Products Retail Outlets Owners Association, are calling for full privatisation to enhance efficiency and reduce recurrent government expenditure. Critics argue that the state-owned facilities remain “a pure drain on the Nigerian economy”, stressing that private management would curb corruption, ensure accountability, and foster healthy competition with the Dangote operation. The Monopoly DebateFuel traders caution that, if mismanaged, the new tariff regime could stifle fuel imports and create a de facto refining monopoly—potentially exposing Nigeria to fresh rounds of fuel scarcity. Policymakers therefore face the delicate task of protecting domestic refiners while preserving competitive dynamics in the market. For Gapuma Group, which operates extensively across West Africa’s energy landscape, this policy shift highlights the scale and speed of transformation within Nigeria’s downstream sector—presenting both opportunities and complexities for regional fuel trading and logistics. The outcome of Nigeria’s privatisation debate will shape energy flows across West Africa for generations.
Strengthening Our Biofuels Vision
— Introducing Charles Percheron 4th November 2025 Gapuma is delighted to announce that Charles Percheron has joined our Switzerland office in Nyon as Senior Biodiesel Trader. Charles will play a central role in expanding Gapuma’s global biofuels footprint, strengthening our position in biodiesel and sustainable feedstocks. With more than fourteen years’ experience across physical and derivative commodity trading, brokerage, and operations, he brings an outstanding track record of performance, innovation, and market insight. Based in Nyon, Charles combines a deep understanding of biodiesel markets with a sophisticated, multi-layered approach to business development and a passion for data-driven, forward-looking trading strategies. His appointment reinforces our strategic commitment to the energy transition and to scaling sustainable commodities across international supply chains. As we continue to invest in future-focused fuels, we look forward to accelerating global progress in sustainability and low-carbon logistics. Please join us in welcoming Charles to the Gapuma family and wishing him every success in this exciting new chapter.